Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder in which the normal chemical and electrical activities between nerve cells in the brain (neurons) become disturbed. This disturbance causes the neurons to fire abnormally, resulting in seizures.

Epileptic seizures usually begin between ages 5 and 20. There is also a higher chance of seizures in adults older than 60. But epileptic seizures can happen at any age. There may be a family history of seizures or epilepsy

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Common causes of epilepsy include :

• Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• Dementia, such as Alzheimer disease
• Traumatic brain injury
• Infections, including brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, and HIV/AIDS
• Brain problems that are present at birth (congenital brain defect)
• Brain injury that occurs during or near birth
• Metabolism disorders present at birth (such as phenylketonuria)
• Brain tumor
• Abnormal blood vessels in the brain
• Other illness that damages or destroys brain tissue
• Seizure disorders that run in families (hereditary epilepsy)

• Temporary confusion.
• A staring spell.
• Stiff muscles.
• Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs.
• Loss of consciousness or awareness.
• Psychological symptoms such as fear, anxiety or deja vu.

• Age : The onset of epilepsy is most common in children and older adults, but the condition can occur at any age.
• Family history : If you have a family history of epilepsy, you may be at an increased risk of developing a seizure disorder.
• Head injuries : Head injuries are responsible for some cases of epilepsy. You can reduce your risk by wearing a seat belt while riding in a car and by wearing a helmet while bicycling, skiing, riding a motorcycle or engaging in other activities with a high risk of head injury.
• Stroke and other vascular diseases : Stroke and other blood vessel diseases can cause brain damage. Brain damage may trigger seizures and epilepsy. You can take a number of steps to reduce your risk of these diseases, including limiting your intake of alcohol and avoiding cigarettes, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly.
• Dementia : Dementia can increase the risk of epilepsy in older adults.
• Brain infections : Infections such as meningitis, which causes inflammation in the brain or spinal cord, can increase your risk.
• Seizures in childhood : High fevers in childhood can sometimes be associated with seizures. Children who have seizures due to high fevers generally won't develop epilepsy. The risk of epilepsy increases if a child has a long fever-associated seizure, another nervous system condition or a family history of epilepsy.